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Madagascan fish eagle
The Madagascan fish eagle (''Haliaeetus vociferoides'' 〔Etymology: ''Haliaeetus'', New Latin for "sea eagle". ''vociferoides'', from Latin ''vocifer'', the specific name of the African fish eagle + ''-oides'', "likeness of". This is in allusion to the conspicuous yelping calls which, when sitting, are given with the head fully thrown to the back, a peculiarity found among sea eagles only in this and the African species.〕) or Madagascar sea-eagle (to distinguish it from the ''Ichthyophaga'' fishing-eagles) is a large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as kites, buzzards and harriers. The range of this eagle is within the Madagascar dry deciduous forests. It is a medium-sized sea eagle, 60–66 cm (24–26 in) long and with a wingspan of 165–180 cm (65–71 in).〔Raptors of the World by Ferguson–Lees, Christies, Franklin, Mead & Burton. Houghton Mifflin (2001), ISBN 0–618–12762–3〕 The body and wings are dark brown, with a pale brown head and a white tail; the bill is blackish with a paler base, and the legs are pale grey. Males weigh 2.2–2.6 kg (4.8–5.7 lbs), while the slightly larger females weigh 2.8–3.5 kg (6.2–7.7 lbs).
Its closest relative is the African fish eagle, ''Haliaeetus vocifer''. Together, they form a distinct species pair lineage of sea-eagles, which separated soon after the divergence of the genus; they retain the ancestral dark beak, talon, and eye, but unlike other ''Haliaeetus'' species, they always have at least partially white tails, even while juvenile. As in other sea-eagle species pairs, one species (the Madagascan fish eagle in this case) has a tan head, while the other has a white one.
This species is endemic to Madagascar, where it survives in low numbers along the west coast. The main threats to its breeding habitat are deforestation, soil erosion and the development of wetland areas for rice paddies. It is also in direct competition with humans for fish stocks.
== Distribution ==
This species is considered confined to the northwest coast of Madagascar north of Morondava.: The principal locus of population according to the United Nations Environmental Programme is in the Analova region; 20 to 25 breeding pairs were there as of the 1980s. A more recent survey by Garbutt and Hogan report a smaller concentration of at least three breeding pairs in the Anjajavy Forest along the Indian Ocean, where several streams discharge north of Anjajavy Village. Total population estimates from the United Nations and from Grambo 〔Rebecca L. Grambo, "Eagles" (1.000.000.00bc) Published by Voyageur Press, Inc.〕 place the world population of this species at about 40 breeding pairs; according to Grambo this bird may be one of the rarest birds on Earth. Other surveys between 1991 and 1995 recorded at least 222 adults from 105 sites, with an estimated 98 breeding pairs.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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